黑体档案

那点价值

2010-05-28T17:24:00.001-07:00

会计上衡量一项资产有两个相对的概念：使用价值（value in use）和清算价值(liquidity value).

这两种价值的差别往往不是一点点。斧头对砍柴人是命，放到集市上就常常只能自顾自锈迹斑斑。卸磨杀驴、鸟尽弓藏，过河拆桥，上墙抽梯，兔死狗烹，说到底，都是在说这个道理。

人也是。一个生命有创造一切的可能，死去后，除了留给家庭一点回忆和痛苦，对别人来说，总归是一件remember for a day and forget forever的事。

是怎样的现实，让一个个年轻人，早早背上了还不清的债务？

该“裸”还是不该“裸”

2010-05-28T08:34:00.001-07:00

好吧，我标题党了，事实上这个帖子一点都不好玩。

事情是这样的：德国最近禁止”裸做空”，作为一个自由市场的支持者，我想都没想就一直反对这个禁令，觉得德国病机乱投医。当然，到现在我也还是坚持我的看法，但多了一点思考。（注1）

我记得原来学保险学的时候，会区分赌博和保险，其中一点就是，你可以投保你自己家的房子着火——这是保险；但如果你去投保邻居家的房子着火，就是赌博了。这种赌博最大的问题就是道德风险很高。你最近缺钱了，可能就会“一不小心”把邻居家的房子烧着；或者没这么缺德，邻居家冒出火苗的时候，你可能“恰好”没有看到，没有去参与救火。
从金融的视角看，买房子着火的保险就是一种做空行为，买别人的房子保险就相当于“裸做空”。金融衍生物中这种保险很多，最有名的就是大杀器CDS，信用违约掉期。和火灾保险差不多，这个东西就是赌某个公司违约。对于持有这个公司债券的人来说，这是个保险；对不持有这个公司债券的人来说，这个相当于“裸做空”。我觉得CDS绝对是做空利器，只要交有限的保险费，就可能放大很多获得收益。

举个例子，这个例子完全基于想象，有没有这种CDS我可不知道。比如一个大型的基金，买入了大量某航空公司的CDS。从此以后，这个基金恐怕会天天期望这个公司倒闭。比如，它就不会再买入这个公司的股票了；这个基金的出差用的飞机票，可能都不会从这个公司买；狠一点，可能会冲击一下原油期货，让航空公司亏损；阴谋论一点，可能会干扰一些国际性的大事件，比如朝韩快打起来了，我就不会坐大韩航空回家。上面这些，或多或少，都会损害这个航空公司。至于上面哪些是“道德”的，哪些是“不道德的”，就是另一个话题了。这也解释了为什么很多人会对主权基金如此恐慌。

在金融的理论中，做多和做空往往是高度对称的，被视为一种完美的组合。但仔细一想，恐怕它们天生就不应该是对称的，毁灭永远比创造来得容易一些

注1：事实上我对德国禁令一无所知，对现在欧洲正在经历的危机了解也不多，下面的分析都是一般性的讨论。大概看完试会认真了解一下吧，有没有同学推荐相关的书呢？

用Vim的搜索替换功能编辑HTML文档

2010-04-23T07:34:00.001-07:00

Vim太强大了。我把自己平时整理的单词做成html然后分享到博客上，如果手动修改的话会死人的。用vim的强大的替换能力，大概半个小时就搞定了。当然前提是把正则表达式写好。

如我想把

2 salient
There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today.

变成表格的形式：

<tr>
<td width="10%" valign="top">02 salient</td>
<td width="50%"> There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today.
</td>
</tr>

只要一个命令就好

:.,$s/$\d\d\s.*$\n$\t.*\n$/\<tr\>\r\<td width="10%" valign="top"\>\<b\>\1\<\/b\>\<\/td\>\r\<td width="50%"\>\2\<\/td\>\r\<\/tr\>/gc

这是最简单的部分。

为了视觉上好看一些，最好能把例句中的生词强调出来，我用的是斜体，然后再定义一个css就好看了。

我是这样做的，首先定义一个键盘映射si，用来将光标移掉单词上时，击si把单词设为斜体

:nmap si diwi<C-R>"<ESC>

这里面diw表示将当前单词存入寄存器，然后删除。然后在编辑模式中<C-R>"调用寄存器，就可以实现两边加上tag了。

其实还有另一种定义方法，利用vim的可视模式，也就是选中单词时击si键设为斜体，这样对词组特别方便：

:vmap si "zdi<C-R>z<ESC>

定义nomal模式下键盘映射的好处是可以利用vim超强的搜索功能，比如我在salient这个单词上点*键，就可以立即搜索这个单词，搜索到了点si就可以直接设为斜体。

最后，由于Windows Live Space不支持css，只好将每个斜体的单词都设一个颜色，简单的替换命令就能实现：

:.,$s/$.\{-}$<\/i>/\1<\/font><\/i>/gc

最终效果如上篇博客所示，其实还是挺丑的lol

VOCABULARY BUILDING-JH's Word List(season2)

2010-04-23T07:33:00.001-07:00

VOCABULARY BUILDING-JH's Word List

01 insufficient	These measures, however good in themselves, were insufficient for the real extent of the evil. Distance alone is insufficient to specify all properties at space.
02 salient	There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. -paramount
03 market penetration	Market penetration occurs when a company enters/penetrates a market with current products. The best way to achieve this is by gaining competitors' customers (part of their market share). Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product/service (by advertising etc).
04 maintain	maintenance
05 understanding	They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be paid.
06 filibuster	A filibuster, or "speaking or talking out a bill", is a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body whereby one attempts to delay or entirely prevent a vote on a proposal by extending a debate on that proposal.
07 deliberative body(审议实体)	The Senate filibuster has turned what some have called the "greatest deliberative body" into a place where passing the simplest bill takes days or weeks and a major bill like health reform ends up in a month-long slog of round the clock and weekend sessions and a final vote on Christmas Eve.
08 prosthesis	The prosthetics industry is growing rapidly, and, according to Hugh Herr, the director of MIT Media Lab's Biomechatronics Group, advanced prostheses will soon become envied in the same way the newest electronic gadget or the hottest car is today.
09 apparatus	Eyeglasses -- it's a fucking sex apparatus. Often people can have contact lenses, but they choose in certain social environments to wear their glasses
10 pump from a dry well	Exploitation without exploration will ultimately result in trying to pump from a dry well.
11 backbone	The internal structure is the supporting backbone of the organisation.
12 investment horizon	Convergence of the market price to perceived intrinsic value may not happen within the investor's investmenthorizon
13 catalyst	So, besides evidence of mispricing, some active investors look for the presence of a particulat market or corporate event(catalyst) that will cause the marketplace to re-evaluate a company's prospects.
14 merit v.	In examining financial and operational strategic execution, two caveats merit mention.
15 endogenous	A variable is called endogenous if it is explained within the model in which it appears. For example, in a supply and demand model of an agricultural market, changes in the weather or in consumer tastes would be exogenous variables that might shift the supply and demand curves; the price and quantity of trade would be the endogenous variables explained by the model.
16 hasten	Competition across national stock exchanges and the increased volume of trading hastened the adoption of computerized systems, including price quotation, order routing, and automatic order matching.
17 no-frills	gPodder looks like a simple no</I>-frills* podcast manager, but underneath the hood you'll find a huge array of options and some perks*
18 Succumb	Even when you arrange their parts in all the right ways, they can still succumb to acute prolixity
19 punctilious	He was always punctilious in his manners.
20 prune	In every case, we simply prune the redundant modifier
21 mucous membrane	We know that time is a period, that the mucous membrane is an area, that pink is a color, and that shiny is an appearance.
22 spin	If a bullet is spinning around its long axis as it emerges from a gun barrel it is likely to keep that same orientation as it moves toward its target.
23 barrel	The way to make a bullet spin is to sctatch long spiral grooves on the inside of the gun barrel.
24 peep	Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it.
25 waistcoat	But when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she have never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch a take our of it.
26 pop	Burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.(If you pop somewhere, you go there for a short time.)
27 in the world	In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.
28 Marmalade	She took doen a jar form one of the shelves as she passed: it was labelled 'ORANGE MARMALADE'.
29 tumble	After such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs!
30 Antipathy	She'd often spoken of her antipathy towards London. (How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downwards! The Antipathies, I think)
31 curtsey	And she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy curtseying as you're falling through the air!
32 It'll never do	And what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for ask! NO, it'll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.
33 saucer	'Dinah'll miss me very much tonight, I should think!' "I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time"
34 doze off	She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly,
35 heap	She came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
36 whisker	Away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!'
37 down one side and up the other(thoroughly)	And when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
38 kneel	She knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw.
39 fountain	How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head though the doorway.
40 telescope	Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope!
41 decimate	overseas textile firms decimated the U.S. textile industry.
42 curb	Chinese stocks were hurt by Beijing's move to curb property speculation.
43 harsh	THE IMF, with the harsh retrenchment packages it imposed on indebted countries, used to be accused of clobbering ordinary people in order to protect big finance.
44 plug	governments, most of whom are desperate to plug big holes in the public finances, have now been given a template for raising levies that are lucrative, wildly popular and come with the imprimatur of capitalism's policeman.
45 bail	investors assume that many of them are “too big to fail” and thus the banking system will be bailed out by governments in a crisis, which means the banks can borrow abnormally cheaply compared with their risk levels, because of the free insurance policy that the taxpayers provide.
46 opaque	And it is why badly run, opaque or risky firms can still command market confidence.
47 fine-tune	But over time it wants to fine-tune the rate so that financial institutions pay according to their “riskiness and systemicness”.
48 rejig	This will be a challenge and, to the extent that it is possible, it is arguably the job of global capital-adequacy rules, which are already being rejigged under the auspices of the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision.
49 muddle	And muddled objectives seemed to have led the IMF to make some quirky decisions.
50 assuage	Its populist title, the financial-activities tax (FAT), hints that it is intended to assuage popular anger against fat-cat bankers
51 pivotal	The speech comes at a pivotal moment in Senate negotiations over a sweeping measure to re-regulate the financial industry.
52 accusations	After trading barbed accusations, senators from both parties now say they are near a deal that would preserve the framework of Mr. Obama's plan.
53 implore	As he has done several times in the year-long debate, the president will implore industry executives to call back the lobbyists engaged in "furious efforts" to thwart or water down his legislation.
54 teetering	The legislation would grant the federal government the power to seize teetering financial giants and dismantle them the same way the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation now can seize failing banks.
55 hodgepodge	His 2008 suggestion of streamlining the hodgepodge of "overlapping and competing regulatory agencies" has been abandoned. But he will dwell more on the warnings he issued in that first Cooper Union address.
56 dire	One of the most significant contributors to this recession was a financial crisis as dire as any we've known in generations
57 crunch	THE global credit crunch was universally painful.
58 swoop	WHEN Bank of America swooped on Merrill Lynch in September 2008, BofA’s boss, Ken Lewis, was applauded for rescuing the investment bank from the same fate as Lehman Brothers.
59 resemble	But it soon began to resemble the marriage from hell. marriage from hell. 有时又作 marriage made in hell，痛苦不堪的结合，比错误的结合更情绪性
60 spiral	Merrill’s spiralling mortgage-related losses forced the combined firm to take an extra $20 billion of public money, raising the total to $45 billion and branding it a recipient of “exceptional” federal assistance.
61 fume	Shareholders fumed that Mr Lewis had overpaid for a lemon—the price tag was $50 billion in BofA shares—and had not been upfront about bonuses paid to the acquired firm’s “stars”.
62 toing and froing	The bank was hit with a series of probes, one of which ended, after much toing and froing, in a $150m settlement with regulators. 该银行因而遭受了一系列的调查，其中之一在不少讨价还价之后与监管单位以一亿五千万美元和解
63 lmpe war-weary	A war-weary Mr Lewis limped into retirement at the end of 2009, earlier than planned.
64 ebbed	Though the outrage has ebbed in recent months and BofA has repaid the $45 billion it got from the taxpayer, the perception lingers that the Merrill deal was a stinker.虽然最近几个月公愤已有所消解，而美银也还清向纳税人所借的四百五十亿美元，但是美林的交易依旧被认为是其臭无比
65 risible	There are many risks, but Mr Lewis’s prediction that Merrill would come to be seen as “a thing of beauty” no longer looks risible.
66 noxious; top-notch securities	BofA got a pile of noxious mortgage securities, but also top-notch securities-trading and underwriting businesses, and Merrill’s “thundering herd” of brokers and wealth managers, the jewel in its crown.
67 disguise	For some at Merrill, answering to bosses in Charlotte, North Carolina, who had done little to disguise their suspicion of Manhattan’s Porsche-drivers was simply too much.对一些美林的旧员工而言，要承仰北卡罗莱纳夏洛特那些乡巴佬的鼻息，还得被他们毫不掩饰的怀疑是过度豪奢
68 smother	BofA did not smother Merrill, even though the New York firm was in a position of weakness.虽然美银处于优势，但并未因而过度压制美林
69 defectors	A number of defectors have been tempted back, including Todd Kaplan, a star investment banker and Merrill veteran.
70 bigwig	Sallie Krawcheck, a former Citigroup bigwig who was hired last August to run wealth management, has worked hard to scotch rumours that the brokers would lose their cherished commission-based pay structure or would be turned into glorified bank tellers.
71 stampede trot attrition	These efforts are bearing fruit. The stampede has slowed to a trot—the attrition rate for “top producers”, brokers who bring in $1m or more, hit a ten-year low in the fourth quarter of 2009.
72 turf	This matters because such businesses are likely to grow faster than domestic retail banking, BofA’s traditional turf, in coming years as households borrow and spend less.
73 brass	Before the crisis, the bank’s top brass were comfortable with its focus on the American consumer, arguing that he offered the greatest potential for fees over the next decade.
74 buoy	In 2009 Merrill’s businesses buoyed group results, which would otherwise have been dragged deep into the red by losses in credit cards and mortgages
75 cornerstone	Moreover, Merrill is seen as a cornerstone of a strategic push into new markets.
76 headway	though it has made less headway in China than some of its Wall Street rivals
77 hawk	The legacy Merrill business now has an array of loan and cash-management products to hawk to international clients.
78 home turf	An example is treasury services (helping companies manage payments to suppliers, collect receivables and so on), a humble yet lucrative business in which BofA is number one on its home turf.
79 pull off	In practice, such “cross-selling” is hard to pull off.
80 dismantle	Witness the dismantling of the financial supermarket that Citigroup tried and failed to build.
81 heft	Ms Krawcheck draws a contrast with her former employer, saying that though Citi had heft, it lacked a “culture of referrals”.
82 nab	In retail brokerage, for instance, MSSB and the combined Wells Fargo/Wachovia are moving enthusiastically to nab business.
83 supercharged	In investment banking, the industry’s revenues will shrink by 10% or more this year as supercharged capital markets return to normal
84 attorney-general	It is fighting fraud charges from New York’s attorney-general.
85 dismissal	the recent dismissal of a suit alleging that Merrill manipulated the market for auction-rate securities came as welcome news.
86 toute	Nonetheless, some of the merger benefits Mr Lewis touted look real enough.
87 veteran	Dick Bove, a veteran bank analyst with Rochdale Securities, thinks the group could fetch $53 per share in a break-up. That is almost three times its current worth.

也谈互联网

2010-01-10T05:36:00.001-08:00

没想到自己在写这篇日志，心情这么压抑。中国互联网发展了几年以后，终于回到一帮傻逼手里，从此中国互联网多半一蹶不振，只剩下一帮投机者在玩，跟中国足球一个德性了。

1、互联网来到中国，其实一直被当作一种奇巧淫技，没被当回事，就一直在自己跟自己玩。根据一放就活的中国定律，倒也玩出了些特色。从各大网络公司纷纷上市，到之后的泡沫破裂，然后就是争夺市场的病毒、木马、流氓软件乱战，直到这些年走出了立稳脚跟的阿里巴巴、腾讯、百度、盛大等“土鳖网”，加上几个红透两岸三地的盗版大本营和“谷歌”为代表的微薄的“境外势力”，中国互联网终于形成了以娱乐为中心的、略有创新的格局。娱乐以外的应用也在艰难发展，总之，整个过程是从流氓当道到有些规矩，却与监管没什么关系，完全是网民自己选择的结果。

2、和互联网一起发展的是互联网封锁监管。Web1.0的阶段，比较好解决，几个跟新闻联播唱反调的国外大站一和谐，天下太平。后来web2.0了，讲究的用户参与，用户创造，情况复杂了。但官老爷们没空研究这种复杂情况，他们讲究的是简单和粗暴效率，web2.0潮流中成长起来的国外网站一律关在门外。

2008年的时候，这种监管产生了效果，一票新闻联播培养出的狂热民族主义者对自己从来没看过的外媒开始了颇有黑色幽默味道的批斗。愤青势力培养成功以后，互联网的封锁多多少少的松了一些，各大境外媒体纷纷惊呼，网站的留言板上怎么突然多了这么多语法不通、逻辑混乱的留言。然而，人会成长的。中国互联网上还出现了一股以公共知识分子为主的力量，开始普及常识，比如牛博。一些以小资为主的网站对此也有贡献，比如豆瓣。门户网站也开始注意保护这股势力，比如新浪一位知名博主开始的对“杨-&！@佳”案和大地震的持续关注坚持了一年多没有被关掉。

3、互联网的力量壮大以后，就不再是“奇巧淫技”了，各部委终于意识到“师夷长技以制夷”，互联网是什么不重要，关键是要争夺互联网的管理权。08年互联网“百花齐放”后，09年就成了“肃反运动”之年，对外“墙”升级，对内拔网线，外加判几个刑什么的吓吓人。直到最近广电总局加入战局，以其一贯不在乎得罪网民的姿态，关了BTchina、伊甸园，折腾VeryCD。最后，.cn域名不再向个人用户开放注册，中国互联网的创新土壤终于沙漠化。

4、事情不到最坏之前，是不会好起来的

现在大概还不是最坏的时候，毕竟太平洋光缆还在

大概光缆没了也不是最坏的时候，我们还有短波和卫星

毕竟朝鲜和古巴还没有互联网

6、吴敬琏先生最近写了篇文章，讲的是国家资本主义很可能与极左势力合流，中国退回开放前时代。一搜索，果然又有人大骂吴先生是污蔑“马赛克主义”。以后吴敬琏先生写文章还是小心点的好，别用什么“极左主义”，很多人左右不分的，用“民粹主义”就好。吴先生说出来话肯定是有依据的。国内极右是会被抓的，极左就不会，民意越走越偏，吴先生指出这种趋势不是不可能。这大概才是最坏的结局。血流成河啊！

-------

7、最近看博客也越来越挑了，与经济学有关的，现在基本就看张五常教授、郭凯老师和聂辉华老师的。

第一次独立制作PPT

2010-01-10T05:33:00.001-08:00

1、一点废话，可以跳过

这次的Presentation是一门管理学课的作业，课很不错，有空我可以介绍一下。Presentation是关于我们做的一篇论文，讲Qantas（澳洲最大的航空公司）的。在很牛的队友的支持下，文章的分数不低。之后的Presentation不用我来上台讲，我也就顺理成章接下了做PPT的任务。

说我今天presentation的PPT是我第一次独立制作的PPT是不假的。原因是以前都是合伙做ppt，大家风格不一样，也就只能找个模板套一套了。而且本科的时候都没把Presentation当回事，PPT上堆满了字，到时候读一读也能顺利过关。出来读书，Presentation常有，虽然不见得要求比在国内的时候高，但总归自己态度认真一些了，就想认真做一下。

要说用软件，我还是懂一点的，但Powerpoint不一样。用法很简单，但要把PPT做的漂亮，要考虑的东西就多了，比如配色、构图等。我的画画水平三岁以后就没有再成长过，做一份漂亮PPT想不做成三岁的水平，这能投机取巧了。这篇文章就是想记录一下制作过程中的技巧，留着备用。

2、配色和Logo

万事开头难，第一张PPT就改了很多次。一开始做的其实还算能看，但用了纯红色，后面的PPT就不协调了。

改的时候，先是把颜色换了，配色我真的是不懂，有一个关于配色的网站（http://zh-cn.colourlovers.com/）,也不太会用，于是就用来投机取巧的办法，把Qantas的标志拿过来，用photoshop吸取了背景的红色，字的蓝灰色（看起来很像黑的，还是有区别的）,下面一行字的灰色，再加上百搭的白色和黑色，就形成了这套PPT的全部配色。

再就这个logo的制作。网上找到的logo都是位图，想到可能会反复用到，就想找个矢量图，放大了不会变模糊，而且背景位置什么的都可以自己改。按说高手的话，这么简单的图用illustrator勾几下就出来了。我就只会笨办法——描点法。这样出来的虽然是矢量图，但还是不清晰，不太符合要求。后来我在Qantas的年报中找到了这个Logo的矢量图，但怎么保存下来呢？？我想到Photoshop可以直接打开pdf，试了一下，结果：

需要密码，想想也是当然的。自然就想到解密，请出winDecrypt，解密成功后，再用Photoshop打开，如下图：

看来Adobe对自己家的东西保护得还不错。那就只能换别的工具了。与Adobe作对的就是Foxit了。Foxit Pdfeditor登场。Foxitreader的确能打开，但就是复制不出来，我就像猩猩看到窗户外面的香蕉一样……

然后我就又用Illustrator试了一下，居然打开了那个破解了的pdf，Adobe看来各部门协调的也一般嘛，哈哈。把这个图复制出来，然后导出为PNG格式，就可以在powerpoint里面用了。

后面那个斜体的qantas的字是我随便找了个字体，做成差不多的样子，细看还是看得出区别的。

3、模板

第一张PPT的模板是参考了这个网站，关键就是那几道曲线，然后上面插上图片，下面用取得的“qantas红”和“qantas灰”，就成了这个样子，看起来还不错喽。

至于后面的都很类似，都是合适的图片+半透明的色块+白色的文字

History of Qantas这张一直没有很好的图片，最后选了这张也不太好，像素太低，下面那一片还是我补上的，看得出的。画得也很简单，一道曲线，一个飞机。

A Challenging Industry这张图片不错，呵呵

Business Segmentation这张是找了两个图片，然后用PPT2007简单处理了一下。字是最后时刻加上的，队友们都不让我修改了，其实我真得很想处理一下……

Threats from CPRS这张我是很满意滴，图片不错，除了字稍微多了点。重点讲下小图标的制作。我当然是画不出来的，图片都是google搜索来的，严格的话也算剽窃啦。但Google Image里面的图片都是带背景的，比如这张就是白色底的，Windows画图是处理不了这个问题的，PS和Illustrator都用不来，倒是ppt2007自带了一个这样的小功能:

这样就可以把纯色的背景换成透明色了。

这两张图也是差不多的，后面一张图我给调暗了些，用ppt2007也很容易，亮度调暗一点就好，这样文字就凸出来了，大屏幕效果也更好些：

4、图表制作:

这张PPT不知道用了多少时间，ppt2007做图表不能调细节，一调就死机。做这张1分钟死一次机，快疯了。以后大家做图表尽量用excel做，专业多了，虽然是一个娘生的。最后导一下到Powerpoint里就好了。

左下角那张是用illustrator做的，我觉得特好:)线是平的，图例是对齐的，数字加黑了看得清，关注的部分用红色，其余部分灰色，一目了然，有没有人会请我做图表呢^^

上面四个图原图如下，对PPT来说信息太多了，看不过来，还得盯着图例对照：

做饼图需要注意，1）尽量不要用3D的饼图，太不专业；2）饼分得不要太多，比例会看不出，真想分多的话可以考虑我这种方式，就用两种颜色，同一颜色的饼之间用粗线条隔开；3）图例对齐，不然很乱

下面这张用Mindmap做的，在PPT2007中调了下颜色，很仓促，算是能看吧：

mindmap做的原图如下：

但原图中拼错了一个单词，能找出来吗？

还有另一张更好看的没用上：

5、总结

*这次PPT总体来说还是只是知识的，不是演讲性的。演讲性的PPT可以做得很好很好，字少，图大，内容有煽动性。但知识性的PPT，尤其是我们做Presentation时还不能遥控PPT,需要两个人合作，就要每一页上字多一些，难免影响美观。有几张还是仓促之际做的，有点小遗憾。自己的美术基础又实在太差了，几个设计软件也还没上手，做几张PPT不得不用了近10款重量级软件

*下次做的时候要把配色先想好，添加到Powerpoint的配色中，用起来方便：

*千万别用Powerpoint做图表，郁闷死，用Excel或者专业绘图软件做。最后处理的时候用PPT画画线写写字什么的还是很好的。

*参考的博客：

ExcelPro图表博客http://excelpro.blog.sohu.com/

PPT设计及其他http://pptdesign.blogbus.com/

VOCABULARY BUILDING-JH's Word List(season1)

2010-01-10T05:27:00.001-08:00

VOCABULARY BUILDING-JH's Word List

1 summit	BBC Summit -an unprecedented summit -the results/decisions of a summit Examples from the talk Chinese scientists are to re-measure the world's tallest peak, Mount Everest, because of fears it may be shrinking. A recent survey found the summit had dropped by 1.3 meters because of global warming. NATO leaders have ended a summit with President Bush - intended to renew the Transatlantic Alliance after recent strains. An unprecedented summit of South American leaders has been dominated by concerns about Colombia's anti-narcotics policies. Sibusiso Vilane, a 32-year-old South African man, has become the first black climber to reach the summit of Mount Everest... At least 40 world leaders are likely to attend December's UN climate summit in Copenhagen in a bid to secure a new global treaty... France's President Sarkozy has even threatened to walk out if the tough financial regulation he wants is watered down. Perhaps it's pre-summit bluster... Related Words:Mount Everest, NATO, Transatlantic, Strain, Copenhagen, in a bid to, treaty, bluster, water down
2 tipping point	.....there is a 'tipping point' in fashions or trends driven by small numbers of highly connected people who have a disproportionate influence over which new products or ideas become popular.
3 sabbatical	In the past few years, Watts-a network-theory scientist who recently took a sabbatical from Columbia University and is now working for Yahoo -has performed a series of controversial, barn-burning experiments challenging the whole Influentials thesis.
4 in question	The Hush Puppies in question are the ones that kick off The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell's best-seller about how trends work.
5 brink	As Gladwell tells it, the fuzzy footwear was a dying brand by late 1994--until a few New York hipsters brought it back from the brink. -hipster
6 whimsy	And this is not, he argues, mere academic whimsy
7 There's no there there	And when you test the way marketers say the world works, it falls apart. There's no there there."
8 virally	He has developed a new technique for propagating ads virally, which can double or even quadruple the reach of an ordinary online campaign by harnessing the pass-around power of everyday people--and ignoring Influentials altogether. Related Words:-quadruple
9 harness
10 toss	Not everyone appreciates the mind bomb Watts has tossed into their midst.
11 peg	Watts, ironically enough, is precisely the type of person you'd peg as an Influential
12 disarming	His Australian accent is disarming, even when he's assuring you that everything you believe is probably crap.
13 pence-pl.of penny
14 antelope giraffe crocodile
15 strata	new species evolving out of old and appearing in younger strata
16 brick and mortar	SWRA consists of brick and mortar wine retailers, Internet-based wine retailers, wine cataloguers, wine auction houses and supporter from both within and outside the wine industry.
17 trivia
18 mystify	This mystified me. Why would anyone be sexually excited by shoes? In fact it mystified me so much that it took me a while to figure out that a shoe fetish had anything to do with sexual excitement.
19 primitive	Months later in some class I heard the word fetish used to describe primitive works of art or religious objects.
20 weirdo	Apart from making me want to wash my hands or something, this part of the OED does help me figure out the connection between weirdoes on the phone and African tribal masks.
21 erotic	It was the tribe of psychologists who in 1901 adopted the word and applied it to the unreasonable erotic worship of otherwise everyday items. Related Words:-tribe -worship
22 fetish	I couldn't figure out why anyone would have a shoe fetish. Podictionary_fetish
23 dispose	There is some evidence that distributors are becoming more favourably disposed towards Australian wines due to their consistent quality and availability.
24 arena	In the public arena, economists are used to playing Scrooge. Related Words:-Scooge
25 folly	It is our job to throw cold water on flights of public folly that cost taxpayers billions of dollars and create little value.
26 tilt	So a Wharton economist, Joel Waldfogel, is displaying a certain amount of intellectual moxie when he tilts his lance at private gift-giving in "Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn't Buy Presents for the Holidays. Related Words:-moxie
27 compatible	Gifts from uncles and grandparents were valued less than gifts from parents, which was compatible with the view that knowledge of tastes declined with social distance.
28 heaps of	It is tempting when surrounded by heaps of unwanted presents, to see the waste in generosity, yet there are good reasons to be suspicious of his conclusion.
29 bequeath	Even if the recipient doesn't value that "singing fish" all that much, presumably the giver preferred bequeathing the present to keeping the cash.
30 question - see error in	Why would an economist, who would never question private decisions to buy BMWs or bananas, have the confidence to see error in private decisions to give Christmas gifts?
31 laureate	Gifts are better understood with the tools of signaling theory: the branch of economics, pioneered by the Nobel laureate A. Michael Spence, that explains the use of costly actions to provide information.
32 Yule=Yule-tide	Mr. Waldfogel's negative view of holiday gift-giving is essentially a Yule-tide version of the Spence signaling model.
33 virtue	Signaling has many virtues, and it is hard to think of anything more valuable than showing affection for others
34 entail	Such transfers would entail none of the deadweight loss that Mr. Waldfogel perceives.
35 cut checks	We could certainly celebrate the holidays by cutting checks for our parents and children.
36 off base	But by choosing actual gifts, we are trying to show that we care enough about the recipient to do some extra work, and that we know them enough to choose gifts that are not totally off base.
37 humanity	I think humanity engages in too few costly displays of affection, not too many.
38 prosaic	I support the far more prosaic cause of making gifts easier to return or exchange. Related Words:-cause
39 stab-stab at	The ability to exchange provides an easy way of limiting the deadweight loss from giving, while still ensuring that the recipients have seen givers' best stabs at matching their tastes.
40 hectare	In 1994 BRL Hardy acquired Banrock Station with 250 hectares of good soil for producing premium grape varieties.
41 graze	The property was suffering from the impact of prolonged farming and grazing. BRL Hardy, together with Wetland Care Australia undertook a huge revegetation program to remove stock, install fish barriers and reintroduce natural wetting and drying cycles in the wetland.
42 forefront	Australian wines are now at the forefront of a new consumer trend led by "new world" producers' the supply of good quality, good value, ready to drink now, good tasting, fruity wines.
43 embark on	They are aggressively embarking on acquisitions and are interested in Australian wineries.
44 clout	...these have little bargaining power apart from those supplying Merlot and Verdelho who have more clout due to some shortage of these varieties.
45 tapping into	Creating a "green brand" meant tapping into the values and beliefs of wine buyers.
46 ascribe	Keegan, Moriarty and Duncan (1992, p.448) defines it as a "perception in the mind of consumers who ascribe beliefs, values and personalities to products"
47 engender	Successful wine, the brand and the attitude it engenders, must relate to the wine consumer's own sense of individuality and unique style.
48 uppermost	Ottman (1992) claimed that while quality, price and convenience are still uppermost in consumers' purchasing decisions, a fourth attribute, environmental compatibility, that is a product's greenness, is fast becoming a tie-breaker at the shelf.
49 slushy	Hundreds of thousands of revelers welcomed the new year in New York City's Times Square, despite the rain, slushy streets and heightened security, capping worldwide celebrations that often emphasized the hopes for a more peaceful tomorrow. Related Words:-cap
50 dampen	The poor weather and tight security could not dampen the otherwise festive mood in midtown Manhattan Related Words:-festive
51 spirited	The celebration followed spirited festivities elsewhere.
52 emanate	In Hyderabad, Pakistan, the street was dotted with little white lights, emanating from candles that peace marchers were holding.
53 stake out	She had staked out a coveted spot on Broadway between 46th and 47th streets with her teenage son and daughter. Related Words:-coveted spot
54 Cosmic Cinematic
55 exhaustive	Following an exhaustive review of our wine business, we have set a strategic agenda for the whole company, to improve ef铿?ciency, build capability and drive our growth.
56 refine	The sales teams now have dedicated focus on their respective product category, and we are refining our route-to-market strategies
57 encapsulate	That culture is based upon desired behaviours encapsulated in the threeAs 鈥?Accountable, Adaptable and Aggressive.
58 inventory	Global wine sales volumes declined just over 5% mostly impacted by reductions in customer inventories in the Americas and Europe, and the final withdrawal from the cask wine sector in Australia.
59 steadfast	While much is changing at Foster's, our commitment to lead innovation, invest in our brands and maintain the highest quality standards remains steadfast.
60 measure	Record sales are not always a measure of a singer's popularity.
61 boast	We boast three of the five fastest growing brands and three e largest new product releases by value in the past year.
62 watershed	The year in review was a watershed for Foster's with a new business strategy, a new company structure, a new leadership team and a new culture being embedded across the company.
63 imperative	We also agreed a simple vision "where Foster's plays, Foster's wins" and are now structuring our business planning around the strategic imperatives of growth, efficiency and capability.
64 annihilation	We favour the well-being and progress, not the annihilation, of mankind. Freerice
65 palace revolt	Seven out of eight reigns of the Romanov line after Peter the Great were plagued by some sort of palace revolt or popular revolution.
66 Peter the Great	In 1722, Peter the Great passed a law of succession that terminated the principle of heredity. Related Words:-heredity
67 appoint	He proclaimed that the sovereign could appoint a successor in order to accompany his idea of achievement by merit.
68 coronation	Ivan VI was appointed by Czarina Anna, but was only two months old at his coronation in 1740.
69 primogeniture	It was not until 1797 that Paul I codified the law of succession: male primogeniture.
70 strangled	But Paul I was strangled by conspirators, one of whom was probably his son, Alexander I.
71 La Traviata	It's like hearing the overture to Carmen introduce La Traviata.
72 tacitly	Simply by introducing those issues toward the stress position of this in troductory sentence, the authors tacitly promise us that those words will be thematic keys to the rest of the paragraph.
73 disentangle	Disentangling whether the estimation error is neutral or strategic can be difficult, but the net result is the same for the financial analyst.
74 curtail	there are many mechanisms curtailing abuse of that discretion.
75 mitigate	Class action lawsuits are a potentially effective way to mitigate incentives to game the financial reporting system.
76 equate with	Simply equating choices that lower reported earnings with high earnings quality provides at best a marginal indicator of financial reporting quality.
77 flip side	we could easily have included a complete asset and liability section as well, but this would be the flip side of a combination of the revenue and expense.
78 culprit	Collectively, the discretion embedded in the revenue line item is the culprit for the majority of earning restatements, fraud cases, and related SEC enforcement actions.
79 legitimate	They had accelerated the recognition of revenue by booking legitimate future sales orders in the current fiscal period.
80 pursuant to= according to	These transactions may be recognized legitimately under GAAP when special criteria are met, including being done pursuant to the buyer's request.
81 focal	the focal point of earnings announcements and conference calls
82 cynical	This has been described cynically by some as "earnings before bad stuff"
83 ripe for	Spain was a market ripe for development.
84 dapper amiable, short in stature, bow tie,	Antonio Playan was a dapper, amiable man, short in stature but with his silk bow ties he had a certain presence,
85 cylinder
86 piggy-back	Recurring costs can then be "piggy-backed" onto these nonrecurring items.
87 pervasive	the use of operating leases is pervasive in the retail sector with companies such as Walgreen, Wal-Mart, CVS, and others having very large off-balance sheet operating lease obligations.
88 holistic	An easy solution to this problem is to take a holistic view to cash flows, and include operating and investing cash flows when assessing financial reporting quality.
89 myopic	Such myopic behavior is not uncommon for management.
90 class action	CLass action lawsuits are a potentially effective way to mitigate incentives to game the financial reporting system.
91 rounding	does not add to 100 percent due to rounding
92 onerous	the financial burden imposed by bond debt is more onerous and bears more consequences in the event of default than does restructuring provisions or employee benefit plan obligations.
93 elect	Given the differences in the food and pharmaceutical businesses, it would seem unlikely that the world's largest food company would elect to seriously grow the pharmaceutial segment.

CFA Level 1 The time value of money 和Discounted cash Flow applications思维图

2009-03-01T05:43:00.001-08:00

CFA Level 1 The time value of money 和Discounted cash Flow applications的思维图整理出来了。虽然这一部分比较简单，但我觉得有时候会有些混淆，而且这些名词之间往往还有着很多联系，用思维图看起来更简单一些。
先插入张大图预览一下

详细思维图如下：

期权名词的解释和使用

2009-02-28T04:08:00.000-08:00

今天看CFA的道德，快看到最后了，又觉得期权的地方很搞，都看不出来例子中的人物到底犯了什么错误，昏头昏脑坚持了一段时间，终于被一句"Closes out a long call position in the stock"打倒了，全都是初中单词，连起来愣是没看懂。实在不忍，上网把相关的词汇重新搜集了一下，整理如下：

先是两种期权的简单介绍：

	Call Position	Put Position
Holder(Buyer)	Right to buy	Right to sell
Writer(Seller)	Obligation to sell	Obligation to buy

然后是一堆单词的含义和用法：

Long	With respect to this section's usage of the word, long describes a position (in stock and/or options) in which you have purchased and own that security in your brokerage account. For example, if you have purchased the right to buy 100 shares of a stock, and are holding that right in your account, you are long a call contract. If you have purchased the right to sell 100 shares of a stock, and are holding that right in your brokerage account, you are long a put contract. If you have purchased 1,000 shares of stock and are holding that stock in your brokerage account, or elsewhere, you are long 1,000 shares of stock. When you are long an equity option contract: * You have the right to exercise that option at any time prior to its expiration. * Your potential loss is limited to the amount you paid for the option contract.
Short	With respect to this section's usage of the word, short describes a position in options in which you have written a contract (sold one that you did not own). In return, you now have the obligations inherent in the terms of that option contract. If the owner exercises the option, you have an obligation to meet. If you have sold the right to buy 100 shares of a stock to someone else, you are short a call contract. If you have sold the right to sell 100 shares of a stock to someone else, you are short a put contract. When you write an option contract you are, in a sense, creating it. The writer of an option collects and keeps the premium received from its initial sale. When you are short (i.e., the writer of) an equity option contract: * You can be assigned an exercise notice at any time during the life of the option contract. All option writers should be aware that assignment prior to expiration is a distinct possibility. * Your potential loss on a short call is theoretically unlimited. For a put, the risk of loss is limited by the fact that the stock cannot fall below zero in price. Although technically limited, this potential loss could still be quite large if the underlying stock declines significantly in price.
Open	An opening transaction is one that adds to, or creates a new trading position. It can be either a purchase or a sale. With respect to an option transaction, consider both: * Opening purchase -- a transaction in which the purchaser's intention is to create or increase a long position in a given series of options. * Opening sale -- a transaction in which the seller's intention is to create or increase a short position in a given series of options.
Close	Note: An investor does not close out a long call position by purchasing a put, or vice versa. A closing transaction for an option involves the purchase or sale of an option contract with the same terms, and on any exchange where the option may be traded. An investor intending to close out an option position must do so by the end of trading hours on the option's last trading day. * Closing purchase -- a transaction in which the purchaser's intention is to reduce or eliminate a short position in a given series of options. This transaction is frequently referred to as "covering" a short position. * Closing sale -- a transaction in which the seller's intention is to reduce or eliminate a long position in a given series of options.

再然后是把这些词串起来：

如果你看多某个股票，可以以一定Strike Price（履约价格）Purchase一个Call（看涨期权），称为Opening Purchase.这时候你就处在Long Call Position，就是处在一个权利方，付出的是期权的Premium(总成本)。在Expiration之前你有权exercise. 这时候如果你有看空这个股票或者想提前获利，就需要进行Closing sale,需要把手里的期权评残，方法是卖出同样属性的期权，全部卖掉就是Close out a long call.

如果你继续看空这个股票，还可以Write一个Call，称为Opening sale.这时候你就处在Short Call position. 这时候你处在一个义务方，随时破产。这是如果不放心，仍可以进行平仓，进行Closing Buy，即买入相同的Call。

看空的时候还可以买入Put，看多的时候还可以卖出Put

毕业论文写作体会1——资料分类篇

2009-02-28T01:31:00.001-08:00

应该选什么题目呢？

论文从哪里入手呢？

文献要怎么看呢？

为什么看了这么多文献还是不会写呢？

写论文的时候才发现肚子里真的没什么东西，就像那填下大雾能见度只有两米，开着车只能看到行车道，只能一点一点得挪回家，最后回家居然也只不过多用了一倍的时间。大概写论文的时候也这样把，一点点来，总有写完的那天。

寒假懒懒散散，算是吧文献翻译完了，终于也要开始写论文的创作部分了。大学没正经写过一篇论文，这次也算摸着石头过河。选的题目是关于医疗保险改革和商业保险的参与的，题目比较热，也搜集了不少资料，寒假有相当多学习的时间里都是在看这些论文，也体会到论文界的"二八定律"，即使是核心期刊，好论文也就那么几篇。论文看了一些以后有了几点体会：

大概定好题目以后最好先上网用Google搜索一下，关于这个题目的讨论主要集中在什么方面，然后看看几个比较活跃的教授，找找他们的文章，往往这些文章的观点比较有建设性。
论文要加标记，用Foxit Reader 的Commenting Tools可以，不然看了和没看是一样的。有些论文加密了，不能加标记，试试PDFPasswordRemover 吧。
遇到重要的名词或者看不懂的理论要搜索一下，然后做做笔记，理解的会更深一点。

论文多了以后就越看越没头绪了。这时候，我大致构思了一下论文，又看了看论文的要求，把手里的论文分成了4类：理论和实证方法、各国医改研究、商业保险作用研究、医改政策研究，最后有把论文的写作方法和自己遇到的疑难问题单独列了一个文件夹：

这么做的好处也是很明显的：

看到新的论文可以迅速判断它对论文写作有没有价值，还可以很快根据摘要分到已有类别里。
再看这些文献的时候目标就比较明确了，不会看完就忘掉。
这里分出了一个回收处，看到不合适的论文可以直接扔进去，免得以后再看浪费时间。
写论文的时候可以根据这个分类设计论文结构。

最后推荐一个把pdf转成word的网站http://www.pdfonline.com/pdf2word/ ，转化效果相当的好

后面就要先从理论上看起来了，先看刘老师推荐的那本《卫生经济学》，翻译的不好，看得好累。

华东理工大学护照户籍证明流程

2009-02-28T01:29:00.003-08:00

还有同学搞不清学校办护照的程序，这里讲一下，学校里办护照最简单的程序如下：

1、正门口户籍科以办身份证为名办理户籍证明一张，上面会注明“学校集体户口，办身份证”。

2、复印户籍证明，身份证，带上拍好的照片（小二寸，学校柯达店就能拍），黑色水笔（必带）和30块去正门口邮局，就说办护照，会让你填张申请表，注意此时领证最好选徐汇领证点，然后把这些东西快递到出入境管理处

3、大概两周后会收到一封回执，让你凭此回执去中山南二路的徐汇领证处（就是徐汇区公安局）领取，此时需要带户籍证明原件、身份证和200块，坐957或111或720到徐汇区公安局，然后那里打大妈会瞄一眼你的户籍证明和身份证，痛痛快快地收好钱给你护照，我去的时候前后不超过3分钟。

由以上程序可见，户籍证明的备注栏办护照的时候是不会看的，至少是以邮递方式办的时候是不会看的，领护照的时候更不会看，当时那位大妈一边开心得聊天一边很酷得给我把护照拿来了。

还有同学不放心，因为也听说用办身份证的方式办不成的。这里把学校开具户籍证明的程序也解释一下。

1、在你读这篇文章的时候，顺便去学校的国际合作与交流处http://ice.ecust.edu.cn/下载本科生办理户籍证明申请表。

2、其实这时只要按照表格程序走就可以了，也不是很麻烦，附表格填写注意事项如下：

本科生办理户籍证明的申请表

本人这个要手写，黑笔，现就读于华东理工大学 * 学院 **051 班级，学号 ******** 。本人将于 **** 年 * 月 ** 日到 **** 年 * 月 ** 日（时间段）前往 **** （目的地） **** （如旅游、探亲、留学、考试等）。为办理 ** （相关手续，如护照、港澳通行证等），特此申请办理户籍证明。请批准。
手写，黑笔保证：在境外发生的一切，后果由本人自负。按时到校上课；如果不按时到校上课，按《校学籍管理条例》处理。
申请人：手写，黑笔

年    月    日

学院兼职贷款员意见：
这个要辅导员签字就可以了，写明没有贷款

签字：
年    月    日

学院学工委主任意见：
这里要盖章的，最好让辅导员帮忙打个招呼，不要扑个空
签字：
（学院盖章）
年    月    日

财务处意见：
去财务处“人员管理”窗口，签字就好，很快的

签字：
年    月    日

学生工作部（处）意见：
在第一教学楼107室，也很快的。全部签好后，复印一份交给户籍科（校门口）
签字：
（学生工作部（处）盖章）
年    月    日

注：学生工作部（处）办理地址在徐汇校区第一教学楼107室。

3、把签好字的表格复印一份，把复印件交给门口户籍科即可拿到户籍证明。

我的生活很软件

2009-02-28T01:29:00.001-08:00

一个好的软件可以带来整个生活状态的改变。

我总能不时得遇上许多设计精妙的软件。很早的时候就懵懵懂懂地用学校机房的电脑用上了WPS，当时觉得电脑真是神奇，觉得打字是学电脑的终极目标。当时我的同学中就有用“自然码”输入法打字达到每分钟60的，要知道，当时的输入法真的很原始，没有这么多联想，当时自然码就是很强悍的把双拼输入法和五笔输入法结合起来，还加入记忆功能，能达到这个速度也是要不少的努力的。我自小手笨，也不上进，练了好久也能打到十几个字每分钟，然后就打打游戏过去了。但WPS带来的方便我是深有感受的。那时候，数学老师水平一般，每天要求我们做同样的口算题做好几张，一般都是父母抄题或者用油墨印，我们做。然后妈妈就去机房给我打了好多份。当别的小朋友的袖子都黑漆漆的时候，我的居然难得的光溜溜的（蹭鼻涕来着）。

到了小学5、6年级的时候，盗版碟就开始流行了，初中的时候达到高峰，我也开始接触各种各样的新游戏，兼顾了解了不少软件。当时最引以为豪的就是用powerpoint做动画，编出来好多有情节的动画，什么龟兔赛跑，然后飞机飞过了把小乌龟给炸了什么的。由此带来的后果就是我一直以为Powerpoint就是用来做动画，直到大学……丫的体育课都用PPT。

后来有了网络，有了CS，有了网易搜狐新浪，有了金山腾讯科利华，就开始捣腾OICQ、联众、朗玛UC（现在新浪UC）。热衷下载，认识了大名鼎鼎的Flashget。有邮箱里，都是自己给自己发邮件，也认识了FOXMAIL。每有一个实用的软件，我就很勤勤恳恳地研究上好几天，也不管能不能用得到。

到了大学，用软件还是比较功利的，学什么SPSS也都是应付考试的。没有耐心的，软件也不好玩了。加上流氓软件横行，就淡化了。

大概从去年开始吧，学英语的热情开始高涨了，看哈利波特的时候用金山词霸老会死机，就有开始满互联网里中词典软件，这才发现了想金山词霸这种不入流的软件早就该请进名人堂了。“Babylon”是一个奇迹，它是一个小巧的主程序，然后外挂字典，而且这些字典都是响当当的，朗文的、剑桥的、牛津的、韦氏的、柯林斯的，当他们结合在一起的时候，查字典变得如此美好。不久，就有山寨版的Babylon出现，灵格斯。灵格斯是一个成长中的词典软件，在很多方面已经超过的它的前辈，尽管还有些小毛病，但免费的灵格斯已经在我电脑里取代了立下汗马功劳的Babylon。

随后练听力，全国很不正常得也很正常地流行起了“逆向法”和“千万法”。我也深受感染，就开始找复读软件。十几个复读软件用过去，都不能满足我挑剔的眼睛。这时候，默默的隐藏在互联网角落的“Q99”出现了，这个软件复读机虽然做的谈不上精美，但绝对实用。每次用起来，都会有新的发现。我常常会感慨，这个作者为什么总能想到我的前面呢？强大、方便、智能、实用，我至少已经推荐了三个人购买力这个软件。

再后来开始接触“网络应用程序”，比如GoogleDocs,Google notebook等，开始感叹这些软件的不平凡——它们如此的灵活，而且可以在任一电脑上完成同一个工作——感叹伟大的Google。可就在几天前，我更加感叹伟大的微软，因为我用了它的Onenote，这个软件对我来说，就是震撼，为它的无可挑剔、它的博大精深而震撼。Onenote是拿起来就可以用的，用完就可以扔到一边的。我可以在屏幕的任何一个位置打字、画图、录音、录像，也可以把这些凌乱的资料理清楚。我已经知道，我的生活中已经离不开它了。

Onenote是Office2007企业版的一部分，也可以单独下载，脱离Office下载http://bbs.pcbeta.com/viewthread.php?tid=355363&extra=&page=1

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